Skepdick wrote: ↑Mon Dec 21, 2020 8:31 am
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Sun Dec 20, 2020 2:01 pm
But unless you CAN lay out all the possible initial options so that I can see whatever you could possibly mean, then I cannot argue further.
The initial "option" is choice.
Do I want to admit an identity axiom in my system?
Do I want to admit a non-contradiction axiom in my system?
If you answer "no" to both, you end up with a Schrödinger logic with inductive types.
I doubt you even know what you are sourcing from outside our conversation (links). If you have proof of this logic, why not let me in on the secret? What ARE the damn axioms so that I might possibly demonstrate how you could possibly be wrong? I can't re-counter what you cannot clearly prove as a counter argument. Give me an example of some axioms of ANY non-'classical' system that asserts a NO about the laws of 'identity' or 'contradiction'.
Read my post to Veritas I just wrote above (the bottom of the "----" is where I re-introduced another way of arguing this, if you don't relate to the part above it). My own study of multivariable logic IS the set of all other POSSIBLE non-binary logics to which Quantum Mechanics would use at least one of them. It doesn't DENY those laws, it EXTENDS them.
And, "inductive" is just a
practical logic, but nevertheless a part of
logic TO ME. I don't care if you PREFER otherwise to separate the two. It is the process of taking any set of things observed as a list to which you GUESS at which possible one(s) will become a premise in any deductive logic. The deductive part 'tests' the assumption of the guess for 'validity'. If it passes, then we presume the MEANING of the conclusion as it relates to the premises as 'sound' tentatively. The set of 'laws' that science induces becomes the ultimate INPUTS to a deductive logic that REPRESENTS the reality (not just the symbols). If the logic using the laws is 'sound' (and has no other conflicting observations that themselves can be input to a different deductive argument), then the logic is a direct representation of HOW the logic of reality operates. It is 'tentative' ONLY by the assumptions that the observations themselves reference as not literally SHARABLE by the exact ideal same 'observation' point. It CAN be certified if the form of induction is 100% exhausted of all possibilities. Math uses this form of 'induction' but on the condition of the domain of numbers understood to continue to exist infinitely.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Sun Dec 20, 2020 2:01 pm
You are asserting 'alternates' where none is needed at this level
That's a sweeping statement. Needed by whom and for what purpose?
You're assumptions are that the "non-classical" logics are absolutely exclusive of the "classical" logic. They are just ADDITIONS to the "incomplete" classical versions. I read once a book attempting to sell 'fuzzy logic' as though it demonstrated an 'alternate' reality. It used an 'apple' as an example and asked if a bite out of it alters the meaning of the apple. Then if ARROGANTLY AND FALSELY assumed that 'classical logic' was literally at odds with it. The author was wrong as his examples he used were very inaccurate respresentations of the 'classics' AND proved he didn't actually study the classical prior to jumping right into defending 'fuzzy logic'. It missed the advancement of Boolean extensions of using more than just the binary truth values. For what Schrödinger would use would be identical to this by assigning fractions as the intermediate values between the MAXIMUM and the MINIMUM extremes. The 'extremes' are still identical in meaning to the initial binary '1' and '0'. It would just be '0' (as all systems use) and "P" == (the maximum value).
QM logics keep "1" as the maximum and assign fractions as those values inbetween. If there are only three values, K = {0, 1, 2} becomes reassigned, K = {0, 1/2, 1}, for instance. The complements would be different than expected: not-0 == 2 (or still 1 as the above), not-2 == 0, and not-1 (or the '1/2' as in the second) == itself.
I challenge that you do not understand the QM logic you are defending as 'alternatives' to the laws of logic. And while there are the other forms of logic that CLAIMS what you do,they do so by either opting to USE 'contradiction' or toss it out. The law of Identity has to be maintained in some way or you may as well be trying to make sense of things as nonsense. Nothing can be 'proven' if you cannot assert the identity,
...and the Conclusion IS ....
....because for lack of identity, you'd have nothing concrete to meaning. If I cannot find I share identity to your meaning, it is indifferent that not sharing anything at all in principle. You'd be just arguing that some 'X works in mysterious ways', and can never be understood. Thus, it is the end of further discussion.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Sun Dec 20, 2020 2:01 pm
They then make a lot of political-like campaignes of destruction of the others by misappropriating the meanings. To me, comes across as a type of argument for inclusion of Biblical 'theory' along side Evolution in text books simply on the basis that they CLAIM they have an 'alternate science' foundation which matters.
The irony. From where I am looking people who believe in the "foundations" of logic are dogmatic.
Science is empirical and inductive. Inductive is something that logic isn't.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Dogmas_of_Empiricism
"Foundations" include whatever alternative to the 'classic logic' laws you presume has exclusively unique or different ones. We still require arguing in the 'classic' way to prove whether alternatives exist. And the only flexible part of those three main ones is the INCLUSION of the contradictions by extending the VALUE of 'truth' to have degrees, or...to be used without concern to 'truth'. Totality IS such a reality that is both true¬-true in that it contains both and 'truth' value only means whether something is inside some given Universe or outside it....but still inside Totality.
Both X&non-X discovered 'real' means that there is MORE to the universe you began from. The 'classic logic' is incomplete in that it just tosses out conclusions like this by Negating it. But this negation is within the universe,
U, where
U = (X OR non-X).
That is, if you still find (X & non-X) true, a contradiction of U, then the answer is
not-U = (X & non-X)
of some greater universal class, labeled at maximum, "
Totality" and
Absolute Universal. This is because
Totality = U & non-U.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
Yes, you can start speaking Chinese, for instance. The artificial forms of communicating do not mean that the foundational math or logic differs underneath.
Since I am an anti-foundationalist it literally means exactly that.
All "foundations" are subject to choice. Different "foundations" can always be chosen.
You are falsely presuming it not allowable (and not logical) to first symbolize any parts of reality because you think that NOTHING but the actual things can speak their 'logic'. Observations are not themselves 'proof' of anything BUT the illusions they represent. We can thus ONLY know the reality through symbols. And if you are sure to BE 'foundational', this means you are making the symbols you use to represent them have all the properties related to the illusion as complete as the sensations possible.
Does a complex computer, its programs, and potential peripherals that is able to replicate the illusions percieved suffice to demonstrate the reality, even though the reality can be distinctly different? The point here isn't that we CAN build different models but that the
models are all that we have to deal with regardless by our limitations of the senses and the fact that building such a 'model' of reality is limited to APPROACHING the existence of the reality itself, short of BEING the reality. The reality has some 'predictability' if we get the logic correct because reality itself IS a 'logic' via being a complex
machine of reality. If it lacks 'identity', then not even the apparent objects we observe could be the equated at ANY time. There would be no color
blue other than perhaps once and then it is never to occur again because it would have an 'absolute identity' that you tell me some 'logic' has proven unable to have identity by some default law dismissing it.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
The OPINIONS of people's methods of reasoning differ about how nature operates. Yet do you actually think that nature has different physical laws just because we cannot agree to them?
In so far as nature has any "laws" our knowledge and understanding of them keeps changing. You either understand the "law" of gravity according to Newton's formulation; or you understand it according to Einstein's formulation.
One nature - two laws. Oops?
Einstein's Relativity only adds to Law 1 of Newton. Where Newton's law asserts that all things have a constant momentum unless it is affected from something from outside of it, Relativity (general, not specific) adds that even things like acceleration are 'constant', a MORE 'complete' representation that does not CANCEL out Newton's laws, but reduces them to a subset of a more complete set of laws. That is, they are still true relative to the conditions you are dealing with.
The addition came from discovering that the speed of light is fixed relative to the frames that change AND to those that change another changing concept. A fixed maximum speed to anything acts as the 'resistance' (or 'inertia') factor that prevents what we see from accelerating beyond what curvature of spaces may represent as constant acceleration towards a possible point in the shared 'center(s)' something is moving around.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
You are welcome to disagree. But put your money where your mouth is and PROVE what you mean.
That's a rather ignorant request. In what axiom-schema would you. like me to PROVE this to you?
Proof theory deals strictly with syntax/structure.
Model theory deals with semantics/meaning.
What does this have to do with asking you for ONE specific set of axioms? I'm not asking for you to prove ALL varients. The Proof theories are about proving a 'designed' logic, like a programming language, to determine if is has flaws, like that it might miss that it has a loop-hole issue that fails to 'completely' cover its intended domain. I've understood the metaproofs process and do so on my own. I can demonstrate both a syntax and link it to the meanings of the symbols. The symbols are NOT the literal reality, but references to the reality. Written music is the symbolic representation of music I can actually play.
But note too that if we have the 'model' that takes a thought of notes, instead of staffs and dots on paper, there CAN be means to make this happen in principle. The tech that permits reading thoughts that is in its infancy, can do this. We use this in part for those like the late Stephen Hawking, where he looks at certain places that a machine tracks and determines what he means. But we have even modern studies and tech being used to demonstrate 'mind reading'.
It may also be possible to hallucinate the 'sounds' of reality by sparking the brain as neurologists have demonstated. So even if you prefer not to assume a common 'foundation' of Nature's logic (its laws), given you may prefer the practical as all we can deal with, then what does it matter to you to care that there are different machines WE can make that only mimick reality if it is convincing enough?
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
Tell me what a system would be like that has NO rule about the identity of things.
It would be like a Schrödinger logic. I told you that already.
...still waiting for the axioms. I can be sure to disagree with you from anything I've learned so far in physics regarding quantum mechanics. I'm with Einstein (by my opinion) that believes '(Nature) does not play dice'...we are forced to use statistical methods that utilize probabilities to determine and predict phenomena on the quantum scale. I have an alternative intepretation to the Copenhagen version that explains the slit experiment AND, even if it represents MORE, then any probablities that might appear to be real still would require multiple universes to place those other possibilities in.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
Note it is the FACT that an IDENTITY rule exists that matters. You also need a rule of distinction that helps define what identity of one thing is that differs from another, AND, you need to do this in a way that 'playing the game' of this system STICKS to those rules (called, 'consistency'). You are debating the 'art' of reasoning, not the 'science' of it.
I am debating against a flawed assumption in the "foundations" of logic. In the spirit of Quine's Two dogmas of empiricism.
I glanced at it and it is speaking against particular views that themselves would require a digression on. I WAS speaking about a proof on Absolute Nothing here. I am yet uncertain where you stand on this? [or forgot,...given our digressions]
I've already proposed that Nature itself (as Totality) doesn't require 'logic' for being its 'foundation' prior to things like consistency to having meaning. This is where I think we share some views. Some classify these as "Paralogics", which can be understood as meaning what I am meaning. However, I see them still as something we can 'prove' within the system by extensions. The non-contradictions belong to 'consistent' worlds and the contradictions are just complementary to 'consistent' worlds under Totality. People often recreate different philosophies that do not necessarily differ in its 'foundations' but appear so without careful scrutiny.
Scott Mayers wrote: ↑Fri Dec 18, 2020 2:40 pm
So if you disagree with my acceptance of the traditional set of the three rules because you think the language is arbitary, then how does it matter THAT I begin on those rules as is? I have no problem showing how something CAN be both 'inconsistent' AND 'real'. The Incompleteness theorems required to prove these. So I don't know your problem here?
Well, If you know of things that are both inconsistent AND real, it trivially means that a logic which forbids inconsistencies discards parts of reality.
Your logic is insufficient for describing reality because it cannot express inconsistencies.
Yes, it can. If you come across a 'contradiciton', you split the logic in two parts. The contradiction remains 'absurd' in the present system, while you open a parallel system that uses the complement as a starting point in another instance of the same logic 'elsewhere'. The nature of it to possibly become infinitely repeatedly split still describes what Totality means beyond the particular universe we are limited to. I've already given the example above using the
(X & not-X) versus (X OR not-X) as
complementary pairs that 'complete' all possibilities. (Note that 'pair' is likely the related to 'para-' etymologically for
paralogics. If one set has a contradiction that in not permitted, a 'para-dox', then there is nothing wrong with splitting the two (or more) extremes into separate universes (or logical universals). Computing now always uses parallel processing (but initiated by that 'master' core, I mentioned before with you.)
You didn't get the point? Machine language of an Intel architecture (its design) is based on the same foundations as any other design. That is, the physics of the components are the same and so still share an underlying logic.
But I used the example just to show that the higher ordered languages may differ but that the core of
each machine is rooted in the same 'computer logic'. That is, you are correct about 'alternative' logic of these exist (I know you didn't use this word). But the point was that the architecture of any particular system that can compile different languages, turns them all into the ONE machine language of the particular computer. This is to show that you CAN have a 'foundational logic' (the architecture....or the physics if including other architecture designs). Then the higher order languages can VARY, meaning you can still be 'correct' beyond the foundation. You cannot be arguing for alternative physics within the very same world. That would, without proof, be the same as asserting that some people CAN do things against the normal physics (like
real religious-like magic). There is no alternative logic that cannot be reduced further in principle. And for me, with respect to Totality, can be that Absolute Nothing. Even if you say that isn't true, it is 'true' for being 'false' and doesn't affect anything. You just interpret the starting point as having at least two distinct exclusive concepts, like having alternative high-order languages ignoring the concern about what is under the hood.
Absolutely Nothing == (Absolutely Nothing) AND (Absolutely Anything or Everything).
in quantum physics a Qubit is not "two distinct things"! It's a single entity.
And now we have to split reality into two just because you've chosen a shitty logic. That's why I pointed you to Gentzen's cut-free (inductive) proofs.[/quote]
I know the architecture of the damn computers involved. The 'single entity' is designed to use a 3-value boolean logic for its component 'loops' that are networked together with other units of the same to cover more than one 'bit-value' simultaneously. It is artificial reproduction of the ideal that the intepretators of QM presume is real. That assumption that it CAN do miracles beyond using 2-valued logic is begging because while it can do SOME things involving simultaneous evaluations, it requires more energy IN to cool it and a greater unit size 'Qubit' that supercedes the size of the more compactable binary 2-valued bit units.
They are seeking some ability to enable "superconductivity" at higher temperatures (room temperature) but lack any sincere understanding that this cannot be possible, or are being deceptive in some way. If not deceptive, the error relates to the assumptions regarding things like the Big Bang's assignment of the singularity to both exist AND contain all energy that exists at that magical point; also, it can be co-related to an interpretation regarding that Black Holes as ONLY objects that magically absorb things eternally without giving back that energy to the universe here. My own theory covers these issues and why I am addressing Absolute Nothing here. I recognize that many cannot understand this concept. But the very nature of us to become irrational or religous at all suffices to prove why: people presume some SPECIAL foundation to the Universe based on at least 'something' without 'nothing', rather than the other way around (as a foundation).
That you may disagree with 'foundations' wouldn't change the facts regardless. If you are against this, you are like those who favor 'wholistic' things STRICTLY as though there is a complex irreducible set of things in reality.
As for references to the "Two Dogmas of Empiricism', it likely is an indirect argument to keep religion from being touched. A lot of the politics involves trying to keep science from proving CERTAIN foundations to the Universe that might contest their religious views. Thus you get those attempts to undermine interpretations that are 'reduced' to simpler things, of which for certain, an absolute nothing would be perfectly as hated as the Atheist or Nihilistic interpretations.
A classical computer - yes. A quantum computer - no.
Not to mention that parallelism in classical computers is really just a cunning illusion. It's time-sharing.
Although spoken on above, you are wrong here. Each core of a multicore 'chip' can operate independently as muliple computers in parallel. It uses the master core to initiate the parallel processes and then leaves them to later converge where necessary back to the master. I just used the general OS operating multiple processes assuming you'd know what this means as an example. If this is unsatisfying to you, then think of separate computers networked together but doing their own thing. The 'master' can be
relative to the user's purpose of going online.
You continue with the mental gymnastics.
When you are using photons as your implementation of a Qubit, where is this "running in parallel" happening exactly?
They are networked loops. Each loop is networked to each other and the loop can hold three values, that mimick the concepts (0, 1, [0 & 1]) or (0, [0&1], 1) [the order can differ depending on architecture]. Above I expressed the third (a contradiction) as a new variable which can thus be represented in the boolean logic as a set of three values. Since the third value can operate as 'spin' values, each loop can hold a single electron, say. Then the the static state is leaving the electron alone and thus be moving anyway it wants to. Electronically, this would appear as having neutral charge. Then, current moving one way around the loop induces it to be spinning one way while current in the opposite direction spins it in the opposite direction. This is utilizing induction. [I cannot speak on 'tunneling' explanations but these are jargon within the field about the same effects I'm describing.]
The reason the loops, made of metal have an issue at normal temperatures is due to the fact that when current CHANGES in the loop, it creates a 'choking' effect to neighboring loops (or other electronics) that resists the changes. The type of alternating current resistance (called
impedence) can be reduced by cooling it enough so that the movement of the atoms do not bounce current running through it off creating the induced magnetic fields that is unwelcomed. Thus the 'superconducting' is needed to prevent resistance that creates the induced magnetic field.
Each 'unit' loop is connected variably to other loops that are networked together and still act independently. The combination of each loop would be a power of 3 to the number of 'core' loops. So 9 loops would be 9^3 = 729 possible values. The more of these loops to a 'qubit' permits more value possibilities.
While some think this is a miraculous representation of 'superposition' of all those values, it is just an illusion. We just lack the knowledge of how the particular atoms representing the spins in the center of the loops are without a current in the loops. As soon as the current runs, it can lock in one of the directions it is in at the time.
Technically, this is just more about our lack of being able to KNOW which value exists when not affecting the electrons (or other possible charged particles). I don't approve of how it is being sold using oddly OVERsophisticated jargon and this is no doubt as intentional to keep it less easy to understand without dependence upon the experts. It is no different than how companies using proprietary information to create technology might utilize intentional fuzziness or complication to the designs they create independent of outsiders. They can also 'patent' the particular design while it is somewhat 'encrypted' by the inside jargon used permitting them formal recognition while simultaneously hiding the actual simplicity that it may entail from the patent personel and other outsiders looking at it.
So you are insisting that P=NP....
? Use plain language if these are initials of something. If it means a reasignment of P to become PN, where N is a some function that changes P, then it MAY be used to extend (or split) the logic.
Assignment versus Equality is NOT about the Identity law, by the way, something you may be assuming about the 'equality' sign that can be used. The assignment of usually the right side to the left side relates to different times and this CAN be represented statically in principle. In computer logic, the normal Functions are called, "combinational" and means that the outputs have a unique output upon simultaneous inputs. The next stage involves adding combinational units that feedback on itself that can ALTER the 'function' in time, called 'sequential' circuits (for a sequence in time of changing inputs. Some outputs can loop back as inputs that make the overall 'function' variable but dependent upon a 'sequence' of inputs.
Ahhhhh, so to you time doesn't matter. If one system can do X in 10^10000000 years and another system can do X in 1 second, they are "the same" to you?
Practicality of design doesn't mean the underlying logic is unrelated. As I've already shown a few times in this very post, you can begin with a base logic that is universal and extend it. In the last example, sequential devices permit CHANGE of the very function of the same 'static' electronics. You can also make a 'universal' gate that then can be controlled to change depending upon various possible outputs-to-inputs mimicking the change of 'states' related to quantum value changes. The LOGIC is thus true and universal but can be implemented 'harmonically'. Here "harmonics", from music, means to have two or more notes playing simultaneously. But here I'm speaking of how say a core logic can be repeated at different levels, like how the C++ language may use "==" as comparing equality of value that makes it 'true' or 'false' also has this logic feature on the machine level architecture. Or, ....how the solar system can have logical macro-level logic that is just a repeat of the electrons orbiting an atom. [Just a comparison and not meant to be precisely true here.]
The rest of your post need not be responded to as it is either discussed above directly or indirectly nullifies the issues there.