Dictionaries meanings are a good start but they are limited in this case of discussing 'what is fact' within the philosophy context.Peter Holmes wrote: ↑Mon Apr 01, 2024 9:36 amThis thread will do fine. I've countered your argument countless times. But here goes again.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Mon Apr 01, 2024 4:24 amYou need to qualify the above with "except VA's version".Peter Holmes wrote: ↑Sun Mar 31, 2024 8:49 pm Age and other moral objectivists [except VA's] claim that there are moral facts - things that just are morally right or wrong - regardless of anyone's opinion. But a simple question shows why this is incorrect.
The claim that there are moral facts is delusory - and can be (and often is) morally and practically harmful.
You also need to edit the below as such;
The claim that there are moral facts is delusory [based on my definition of 'what is fact'] ...
But I have argued your 'what is fact' is illusory, therefore your above claim is false and illusory.
PH's Fact is Delusional
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PH's What is Fact is Illusory
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You have not countered by claims convincingly.
I suggest you open a specific thread to counter my claim so we can refer to it easily. [your two large thread has become a skip full of shit]
The Concise Oxford has this disjunctive definition of fact: 'a thing that exists, or has occurred, or is true.' Of course, a dictionary definition is always a snapshot explanation of how we use a word - it asserts a fact about that usage.
I have always refer to WIKI's definition of 'fact' as a better start for philosophical discussion:
Why are you running away from the WIKI definition which I have linked a '1000' times.A fact is a true datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance.[1] Standard reference works [specific FSRC] are often used to check facts.
Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement by experiments or other means. [within Science FSRC]
For example,
"This sentence contains words." accurately describes a linguistic fact, [linguistic FSRC] and
"The sun is a star" accurately describes an astronomical fact. [astronomy FSRC]
Further, "Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States" and "Abraham Lincoln was assassinated" both accurately describe historical facts. [historical FSRC]
Generally speaking, facts are independent of belief and of knowledge and opinion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact
You need to read the detailed contents as well to get an idea of what is fact and the implication of a FRSC that ground whatever is the specific fact
- Etymology and usage
In philosophy
Correspondence and the slingshot argument
Compound facts
Fact–value distinction
Factual–counterfactual distinction
In mathematics
In science
The scientific method
In history
In law
Legal pleadings
If you read the full article, you will note, the authority and ground of 'what is fact' must be grounded to its specific FSRC [framework and system]. There are no "absolutely" unconditional facts.
One cannot insist 'it is a fact because my father, mother, etc. said so'.
No argument nor evidences??For now, let's leave aside the 'or is true' disjunct - though it's very important in my refutation. So a fact is: a thing that exists, or has occurred.
Now, your claim is that there's no such thing as 'a thing that exists or has occurred' which is absolutely independent from humans. You say such a thing is an illusion. For example, this means you say that everything that existed and occurred in the universe before humans evolved was not absolutely independent from humans.
And I say that is patent and demonstrable nonsense, for which there's no evidence of any kind. And I explain where this nonsense - which you've bought into - comes from, as follows.
I have explain why
"everything that existed and occurred in the universe before humans evolved was not absolutely independent from humans."
Reality: Emergence & Realization Prior to Perceiving, Knowing & Describing
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What is Emergence & Realization
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VA: Knowledge & Descriptions CANNOT Produce Facts
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=39925 Apr 10, 2023
Perceiving, Knowing & Describing a Thing Not Related to Existence of the Thing
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Understanding FSRC via Deep Learning
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You have not bothered to counter my above arguments convincingly. All you did is to handwave "is patent and demonstrable nonsense."
You got it wrong.The third disjunct in the above definition of fact is: 'or is true'.
But, in this context, the only thing that can be true or false is a factual assertion - typically a linguistic expression. A
nd language is, of course, a human phenomenon - though not exclusively, because other species arguably have at least 'proto-languages'.
So this kind of fact - a linguistic expression - isn't and can't be absolutely independent from humans. But it's a radically different kind of thing. A linguistic expression is obviously 'a thing that exists'. But outside language, reality - consisting of things that exist or have occurred - is not linguistic.
What is true is only true within its specific FRSC.
see: There are Two Senses of Truth
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Whatever is true within the scientific FSRC cannot be absolutely true in a non-scientific FSRC and vice-versa.
Even whatever is true within science-biology FSRC cannot be true with the science-physics FSRC without qualifications to their specific FSRC.
The kind of fact - a linguistic expression is only true within a linguistic FSRC, note Wittgenstein's language game.
A linguistic fact is only true within a specific language-game.
It cannot be absolutely true by itself unconditionally without reference to its specific language-game.
A language-game is human-based and is a subset of the human-based FSRC.
Note:
Wittgenstein's Framework & FSRC
viewtopic.php?t=42070
Whatever is outside the linguistic FSRC are only realistic as qualified conditionally to a human-based specific FSRC.
Because it is human-based, logically and deductively, whatever the conclusion [emergence, realization of reality and cognition*, knowledge & description] of a FSRC it cannot be absolutely independent of the human conditions. * see my threads on emergence above.
Strawman .. the 'millionth' times.So I think you mistake what we humans believe, know and say about reality - things that exist or have occurred - for reality itself - the facts of reality. Hence your absurd conclusion that reality isn't absolutely independent from humans.
And if you want to get out of this confusion by claiming that reality is 'relatively' independent from humans - ie, not 'absolutely' independent - then what is it that is independent? Oh - it must be things that exist or have occurred.
In this context, the things that are indeed dependent on humans are human knowledge-claims and truth-claims about reality. Not reality itself.
So, as I've said many times, your primary premise is false. From which it follows that the rest of your argument about morality is incoherent.
I have never claimed the below;
what we humans believe, know and say about reality - things that exist or have occurred - for reality itself.
I have argued as above;
VA: Knowledge & Descriptions CANNOT Produce Facts
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=39925 Apr 10, 2023
Re: Absolute vs Relative Mind Independence:
see: Relative vs Absolute Mind-Independence
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My basic premise is this:
ALL of reality, truths, facts, knowledge [other than meta-FSK], objectivity are conditioned upon an embodied human-based language-game as a subset of a FSRC.
Just in case [you are likely to bring this up], note this;
Avoiding Circularity in Assessing Objectivity of FSRC
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Discuss??
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