Proof means that a conclusion necessarily follows from (possibly system-wide) premises. Proof is always deductive. When providing inductive evidence, it never constitutes proof. That is why the term "proof" is forbidden in science. All evidence in science is inductive.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Sat Mar 30, 2024 4:42 amYou are contradicting yourself.godelian wrote: ↑Thu Mar 28, 2024 7:07 amIt is not "proof of Islam" but "proof in Islam". It is obviously possible to prove that a particular conclusion necessarily follows from the Quran. This proof is established by using premises from the Quran and demonstrating logically that a particular conclusion necessarily follows. Such proof is logical. It has nothing to do with the experimental testing of a stubborn observable pattern, as in science. There is no scientific laboratory in which religious scholars conduct and repeat experiments in order to experimentally test the Quran.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Thu Mar 28, 2024 6:34 am I did a search
"scientific proof"
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You insisted ''proof" is only relevant to mathematics, now you are accepting the above sort of "proof" as defined generally.
My point is 'prove' and 'proof' [as defined generally] are applicable anywhere as long as the meaning is defined and agreed upon. So we can have scientific proofs, legal proofs, etc.
Mathematics and logic are deeply connected. First of all, logic is a sub-field in mathematics, i.e. mathematical logic.
And indeed, concerning the foundations of mathematics, the logicist ontology considers all mathematics to be essentially just logic:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of formal systems of logic such as their expressive or deductive power. However, it can also include uses of logic to characterize correct mathematical reasoning or to establish foundations of mathematics.
To an important extent, mathematics and logic are indistinguishable.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logicism
In the philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a programme comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic.[1]
In legal matters, legal proof is only possible in jurisprudence. You can prove that a derived rule necessarily follows from existing rules. Laymen confuse this notion of legal proof with legal evidence which is used to argue the plausibility of alleged facts. For example, it is not possible to prove a murder. It is only possible to provide evidence for it. So, in legal matters, both proof and evidence exist. There are deductive arguments, which can be proof, and inductive arguments, which can only be evidence.
First of all, the laws of nature are part of the laws of God. These laws apply from as soon as you get born on earth. Whether you accept or reject them, does not matter particularly much.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Sat Mar 30, 2024 4:42 am Here is a Question:
[I presume you understand the Principles of Contract - explicit and implied?]
Does your religion necessitate you to sign a "CONTRACT" [covenant] with your God?
If so, are the terms of the contract confined within the sole holy text from your God?
Concerning a religious scripture, you choose to either accept or reject its rules. If you do, you implicitly also accept the rules that can be derived from them or that necessarily follow from them, i.e. its jurisprudential rulings. But then again, most religious rules exhort to self-discipline. You are supposed to enforce them by yourself against yourself. It is entirely up to you, if you really want to do that. If you make victims or disturb public order, however, there could be a need for external enforcement, but that is a rather small part of the moral theory in religion.