David Berman holds key oppositions in tension, including concerning morality.
All I can do here is, once again, ask those who subscribe to Plato's "realm of Forms" as it pertains to human morality, to bring those Forms down to Earth. And, in regard to a moral conflagration of note, to note their applicability given particular social, political and economic interactions. Let them pluck a headline from the news. They can note what they deem is relevant given Plato's Forms.Ways of Being Moral
There are two opposing basic moral theories, one purely non-natural and absolute, the other purely natural and relativistic. The former I think is most powerfully exemplified by Plato, according to whom moral values exist in the abstract realm of Forms, where the Form of the Good overlaps with other Forms, such as Justice.
Or note passages from The Republic and examine his conclusions in such a way they can be defended as more than just moral and political prejudices rooted existentially in turn in his own historical and cultural contexts.
Justice and abortion. Justice and gun control. Justice and homosexuality. Justice and the wars in Ukraine and in Gaza.
On the other hand, if it is the case that human minds are [and can only ever be] wholly in accord with nature's own laws of matter, than how are Plato and Spinoza not just two more dominoes toppling over on cue from the cradle to the grave. Just like all the rest of us?Absolute moral valuations can then be made by those who are aware of these Forms. According to the opposite, naturalist position, exemplified most powerfully by Spinoza, the way to understand moral perfection is through the identification of the human mind at its best with the whole of Nature. Put in Spinoza’s terminology, human perfection, including moral perfection, can be attained if the eternal mode of the human mind is brought into accord with the Mind of ‘God or Nature’.
All moral values, some determinists argue, are entirely interchangeable in a world that unfolds in the only possible manner.