Iwannaplato wrote: ↑Mon Feb 26, 2024 9:17 pm
Consul wrote: ↑Mon Feb 26, 2024 5:50 pmAccording to
spatial relationalism, space is a nonsubstantial structure, i.e. a web of spatial (distance) relations between material substances rather than a substance itself.
Charles Peirce speaks of "the fallacy of treating the measure of a quantity as if it were the quantity itself"; and the
mathematical (numerical) measure of a spatial distance is actually not to be equated with the spatial distance
itself, which may hence be called a
physical relation. Of course, physical relations aren't physical like physical objects, in the sense of consisting of physical stuff (matter). Physical relations aren't thin long material objects like wires. They are physical only in the sense of being part of the ontology of physics.
is this the pierce that died in 1914?
Yes, but his name is spelled "P
eirce" (and pronounced like "purse").
Iwannaplato wrote: ↑Mon Feb 26, 2024 9:17 pmI don't think we can point to any part of space anymore and say it is empty, it is merely between things. Everywhere, so far, has fluctuations that are physical going on there in the quantum foam. So, it's not so much calling the distance a physical thing, but rather that, so far, it seems that there is no space that is merely between things and not in itself also physical.
I was just describing spatial relationalism without defending it. Actually, I think it's false.
According to spatial relationalism, absolutely nothing is
literally between spatially related material objects,
not even the spatial relations "between" them. But how can there be a
nonzero spatial distance between two material objects
when there is absolutely nothing between them that separates them spatially from one another, and prevents them from touching one another?
If there were a substantial space and spatial paths between material objects—as is the case from the perspective of
spatial substantialism—, then their spatial separation could be defined and measured in terms of the respective lengths of the spatial paths between them,
with spatial paths not being spatial relations but parts (1D boundaries) of regions of space (qua substance).
According to spatial relationalism, no such spatial paths between material objects exist; so it has a hard time explaining how spatial distances are definable and measurable
without recourse to spatial paths (as parts of a substantial space).
(Generally, relations are said to obtain
between their relata; but they cannot
literally be located between them, like an electrical cable is literally located between two electricity pylons. Realists about relations who regard them as immanent universals or particulars have the problem of explaining
where relations are, literally speaking.)
Here's my list of conceivable relationships between
space and
matter:
1.
identity: space = (spatially extended) matter
[Here, "matter" means "prime matter" or "aether". Matter in the form of massy particles can then be interpreted as a mass-density field with prime matter as its substrate.]
2.
difference: space ≠ (spatially extended) matter.
2.1
attributionalism about space:
space is an attribute of (prime) matter, being its
spatial dimension or extension.
2.2
substantialism about space:
space is a substance
in its own right (so there's a physical substance dualism: the space-substance plus matter-substances):
2.2.1. material substances occupy
regions of space (the space-substance):
There
is space where matter is, so parts of the space-substance are penetrated by material substances. This means that the space-substance isn't "solid" in Locke's sense, i.e. impenetrable.
The space-substance is penetrable (by movable material substances) but immovable.
2.2.2 material substances occupy
holes in space (the space-substance):
There
isn't space where matter is, so parts of the space-substance only surround material substances. This means that the space-substance is "solid" in Locke's sense, i.e. impenetrable. However, when material substances move through it
by displacing parts of it, it behaves like a fluid or liquid substance. (For example, when a stone is thrown into a lake, it sinks and moves through the water by displacing parts of it, with the stone not being penetrated but only surrounded by water.)
The space-substance is impenetrable (by movable material substances) but movable.
2.3
supersubstantialism about space:
(apparent) material substances are (really)
(bundles of) physical properties (quantities) of regions of space (the space-substance).
The space-substance is both impenetrable (by other substances) and immovable. The (apparent) motions of (apparent) material substances "are replaced by spatiotemporal trajectories of successive lightings-up of properties of spatiotemporal regions." (C. B. Martin)
[2.3 can be regarded as including 1: space = prime matter/aether and elementary particles (and all things composed of them) are bundles of physical properties (e.g. mass density) of parts of it. But the parts of the substantial aether aren't reducible to property-bundles, so there's still a difference!]
3.
antisubstantialism or relationalism about space: space is a
structure consisting of spatial relations between material substances (or events). Motion is change of distance relations between material substances.