Imadaldin Al-Jubouri on the medieval Islamic philosopher who pioneered the scientific understanding of history.
https://philosophynow.org/issues/50/Ibn_Khaldun_and_the_Philosophy_of_History
Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History
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Re: Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History
Well, if the claims were true, then how could he be a Muslim? After all, Islam claims that a Muhammad existed, and yet, there is no credible historical evidence to support this claim. Even if there were, such claims as Muhammad flew to heaven on an animal, would seem to be rejected by a scientific view of history --- horses don't fly, so how could it be true that the alleged Muhammad flew to heaven on a horse? So, isn't it completely contradictory to claim that a Muslim developed history as a science, when any scientific view regarding history would lead to the rejection of Islamic claims?