What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Discussion of articles that appear in the magazine.

Moderators: AMod, iMod

Eodnhoj7
Posts: 8595
Joined: Mon Mar 13, 2017 3:18 am

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by Eodnhoj7 »

jayjacobus wrote: Thu Apr 12, 2018 3:53 pm Here is not there. There is physical. Here are symbols that represent there.
Actually "here" is "there" relative to a prior "here", hence what we understand of as "there" is merely "here" folding through itself under the movement of time.

Symbols that are "here", representing a "there", act as a medial point between "here" and "there" and in these respects are fundamentally "neutral" in the respect they are "both here and there" while simultaneously being neither in the respect that "here" and "there" are dependent upon a degree of separation.

So symbols, as axioms through which we measure reality by apply a medial point of observation (between the observer and the observed), are fundamentally neutral in nature in the respect that they act as a point of synthesis. This synthetic property to the symbol, which we can observe in not just mathematics or logic but everyday language, implies a necessary degree of physicality in our observation of the abstract. This is considering the symbol itself, whether written, sculpted or just plain digitized, has an inherent physical aspect to it in the respect it literally exists in time space as an entity of its own right.

This implies the symbol contains a degree of finite properties to it where it acts as a medial point to the abstract that quite literally opens and closes like a door through the course of time...this is considering the symbol as a finite physical entity in itself must be conducive to change. Observing that mathematics is dependent upon a degree of finite symbolism the question occurs as to the constant nature of mathematics in the motion of time as "physicality".


Considering mathematics as a symbol, or medial point between "here" and "there", must observe a degree of change the symbol itself must continually reproduce itself across time and space through a continual act of synthesis similar in form and function to an act of reproduction. In this manner the symbol, as a medial point, must continually manifest itself to maintain itself and in this manner provides a logical foundation for its own existence as frequency or repetition. To simply this point a question must be asked: Is it consciousness which forms symbols, or symbols which form consciousness? Regardless of the answer to the questions or the order in which they are answered a common bond of frequency occurs in which:

1) the symbol must continually reproduce itself through consciousness as thought.

2) the consciousness must continually reproduce itself through the symbol as memory.

3) this continual reproduction of consciousness and symbolism, through thought and memory, is dependent upon a structure of frequency as repetition.

4) this frequency as repetition observes the consciousness/symbolism dualism observes a degree of alternation where one folds through the other.

5) consciousness localizing itself into a symbol observes a contraction of the abstract realm of "formless reality" into a physical median in which the consciousness becomes localized through the symbol and manifests itself as a finite physical entity.

6) This localization of consciousness as symbolism, exists through a constant frequency of contraction as the active localization of the abstract into a physical symbol. The physical symbol in turn dualistically expand into a variety of forms through which the consciousness perceives reality. (This is considering a symbol is observed through a multitude of further symbols.)

7) Symbols condense reality into a finite active locality of consciousness and as "finite" they observe consciousness existing as repetition through frequency.

8 ) To get back on point with the nature of "mathematics", considering it is a form of symbolism, mathematics is an observation of frequency in the respect it continually defines and re-defines an abstract or physical phenomena in such a manner that we can derive continual order from it. In simpler terms mathematics is the act of measuring, with this measuring process acting as a continual propogation of symbols through which consciousness projects itself under space-time as a frequency of active and potential localization of forms.

9) Mathematics as measurement is a synthesis of axioms through the observation of abstract and empirical realities.
jayjacobus
Posts: 1273
Joined: Wed Jan 27, 2016 9:45 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by jayjacobus »

Eodnhoj7 wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 3:22 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Thu Apr 12, 2018 3:53 pm Here is not there. There is physical. Here are symbols that represent there.
Actually "here" is "there" relative to a prior "here", hence what we understand of as "there" is merely "here" folding through itself under the movement of time.

Symbols that are "here", representing a "there", act as a medial point between "here" and "there" and in these respects are fundamentally "neutral" in the respect they are "both here and there" while simultaneously being neither in the respect that "here" and "there" are dependent upon a degree of separation.

So symbols, as axioms through which we measure reality by apply a medial point of observation (between the observer and the observed), are fundamentally neutral in nature in the respect that they act as a point of synthesis. This synthetic property to the symbol, which we can observe in not just mathematics or logic but everyday language, implies a necessary degree of physicality in our observation of the abstract. This is considering the symbol itself, whether written, sculpted or just plain digitized, has an inherent physical aspect to it in the respect it literally exists in time space as an entity of its own right.

This implies the symbol contains a degree of finite properties to it where it acts as a medial point to the abstract that quite literally opens and closes like a door through the course of time...this is considering the symbol as a finite physical entity in itself must be conducive to change. Observing that mathematics is dependent upon a degree of finite symbolism the question occurs as to the constant nature of mathematics in the motion of time as "physicality".

Considering mathematics as a symbol, or medial point between "here" and "there", must observe a degree of change the symbol itself must continually reproduce itself across time and space through a continual act of synthesis similar in form and function to an act of reproduction. In this manner the symbol, as a medial point, must continually manifest itself to maintain itself and in this manner provides a logical foundation for its own existence as frequency or repetition. To simply this point a question must be asked: Is it consciousness which forms symbols, or symbols which form consciousness? Regardless of the answer to the questions or the order in which they are answered a common bond of frequency occurs in which:

1) the symbol must continually reproduce itself through consciousness as thought.

2) the consciousness must continually reproduce itself through the symbol as memory.

3) this continual reproduction of consciousness and symbolism, through thought and memory, is dependent upon a structure of frequency as repetition.

4) this frequency as repetition observes the consciousness/symbolism dualism observes a degree of alternation where one folds through the other.

5) consciousness localizing itself into a symbol observes a contraction of the abstract realm of "formless reality" into a physical median in which the consciousness becomes localized through the symbol and manifests itself as a finite physical entity.

6) This localization of consciousness as symbolism, exists through a constant frequency of contraction as the active localization of the abstract into a physical symbol. The physical symbol in turn dualistically expand into a variety of forms through which the consciousness perceives reality. (This is considering a symbol is observed through a multitude of further symbols.)

7) Symbols condense reality into a finite active locality of consciousness and as "finite" they observe consciousness existing as repetition through frequency.

8 ) To get back on point with the nature of "mathematics", considering it is a form of symbolism, mathematics is an observation of frequency in the respect it continually defines and re-defines an abstract or physical phenomena in such a manner that we can derive continual order from it. In simpler terms mathematics is the act of measuring, with this measuring process acting as a continual propogation of symbols through which consciousness projects itself under space-time as a frequency of active and potential localization of forms.

9) Mathematics as measurement is a synthesis of axioms through the observation of abstract and empirical realities.
You've complicated a simple observation. Besides, then are memories of symbols, nothing physical at all.
Eodnhoj7
Posts: 8595
Joined: Mon Mar 13, 2017 3:18 am

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by Eodnhoj7 »

jayjacobus wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 4:35 pm
Eodnhoj7 wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 3:22 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Thu Apr 12, 2018 3:53 pm Here is not there. There is physical. Here are symbols that represent there.
Actually "here" is "there" relative to a prior "here", hence what we understand of as "there" is merely "here" folding through itself under the movement of time.

Symbols that are "here", representing a "there", act as a medial point between "here" and "there" and in these respects are fundamentally "neutral" in the respect they are "both here and there" while simultaneously being neither in the respect that "here" and "there" are dependent upon a degree of separation.

So symbols, as axioms through which we measure reality by apply a medial point of observation (between the observer and the observed), are fundamentally neutral in nature in the respect that they act as a point of synthesis. This synthetic property to the symbol, which we can observe in not just mathematics or logic but everyday language, implies a necessary degree of physicality in our observation of the abstract. This is considering the symbol itself, whether written, sculpted or just plain digitized, has an inherent physical aspect to it in the respect it literally exists in time space as an entity of its own right.

This implies the symbol contains a degree of finite properties to it where it acts as a medial point to the abstract that quite literally opens and closes like a door through the course of time...this is considering the symbol as a finite physical entity in itself must be conducive to change. Observing that mathematics is dependent upon a degree of finite symbolism the question occurs as to the constant nature of mathematics in the motion of time as "physicality".

Considering mathematics as a symbol, or medial point between "here" and "there", must observe a degree of change the symbol itself must continually reproduce itself across time and space through a continual act of synthesis similar in form and function to an act of reproduction. In this manner the symbol, as a medial point, must continually manifest itself to maintain itself and in this manner provides a logical foundation for its own existence as frequency or repetition. To simply this point a question must be asked: Is it consciousness which forms symbols, or symbols which form consciousness? Regardless of the answer to the questions or the order in which they are answered a common bond of frequency occurs in which:

1) the symbol must continually reproduce itself through consciousness as thought.

2) the consciousness must continually reproduce itself through the symbol as memory.

3) this continual reproduction of consciousness and symbolism, through thought and memory, is dependent upon a structure of frequency as repetition.

4) this frequency as repetition observes the consciousness/symbolism dualism observes a degree of alternation where one folds through the other.

5) consciousness localizing itself into a symbol observes a contraction of the abstract realm of "formless reality" into a physical median in which the consciousness becomes localized through the symbol and manifests itself as a finite physical entity.

6) This localization of consciousness as symbolism, exists through a constant frequency of contraction as the active localization of the abstract into a physical symbol. The physical symbol in turn dualistically expand into a variety of forms through which the consciousness perceives reality. (This is considering a symbol is observed through a multitude of further symbols.)

7) Symbols condense reality into a finite active locality of consciousness and as "finite" they observe consciousness existing as repetition through frequency.

8 ) To get back on point with the nature of "mathematics", considering it is a form of symbolism, mathematics is an observation of frequency in the respect it continually defines and re-defines an abstract or physical phenomena in such a manner that we can derive continual order from it. In simpler terms mathematics is the act of measuring, with this measuring process acting as a continual propogation of symbols through which consciousness projects itself under space-time as a frequency of active and potential localization of forms.

9) Mathematics as measurement is a synthesis of axioms through the observation of abstract and empirical realities.
You've complicated a simple observation. Besides, then are memories of symbols, nothing physical at all.
If memories are not physical, "only" I want to emphasize, then how come brain damage can cause memory loss?
jayjacobus
Posts: 1273
Joined: Wed Jan 27, 2016 9:45 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by jayjacobus »

Eodnhoj7 wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 7:21 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 4:35 pm
Eodnhoj7 wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 3:22 pm

Actually "here" is "there" relative to a prior "here", hence what we understand of as "there" is merely "here" folding through itself under the movement of time.

Symbols that are "here", representing a "there", act as a medial point between "here" and "there" and in these respects are fundamentally "neutral" in the respect they are "both here and there" while simultaneously being neither in the respect that "here" and "there" are dependent upon a degree of separation.

So symbols, as axioms through which we measure reality by apply a medial point of observation (between the observer and the observed), are fundamentally neutral in nature in the respect that they act as a point of synthesis. This synthetic property to the symbol, which we can observe in not just mathematics or logic but everyday language, implies a necessary degree of physicality in our observation of the abstract. This is considering the symbol itself, whether written, sculpted or just plain digitized, has an inherent physical aspect to it in the respect it literally exists in time space as an entity of its own right.

This implies the symbol contains a degree of finite properties to it where it acts as a medial point to the abstract that quite literally opens and closes like a door through the course of time...this is considering the symbol as a finite physical entity in itself must be conducive to change. Observing that mathematics is dependent upon a degree of finite symbolism the question occurs as to the constant nature of mathematics in the motion of time as "physicality".

Considering mathematics as a symbol, or medial point between "here" and "there", must observe a degree of change the symbol itself must continually reproduce itself across time and space through a continual act of synthesis similar in form and function to an act of reproduction. In this manner the symbol, as a medial point, must continually manifest itself to maintain itself and in this manner provides a logical foundation for its own existence as frequency or repetition. To simply this point a question must be asked: Is it consciousness which forms symbols, or symbols which form consciousness? Regardless of the answer to the questions or the order in which they are answered a common bond of frequency occurs in which:

1) the symbol must continually reproduce itself through consciousness as thought.

2) the consciousness must continually reproduce itself through the symbol as memory.

3) this continual reproduction of consciousness and symbolism, through thought and memory, is dependent upon a structure of frequency as repetition.

4) this frequency as repetition observes the consciousness/symbolism dualism observes a degree of alternation where one folds through the other.

5) consciousness localizing itself into a symbol observes a contraction of the abstract realm of "formless reality" into a physical median in which the consciousness becomes localized through the symbol and manifests itself as a finite physical entity.

6) This localization of consciousness as symbolism, exists through a constant frequency of contraction as the active localization of the abstract into a physical symbol. The physical symbol in turn dualistically expand into a variety of forms through which the consciousness perceives reality. (This is considering a symbol is observed through a multitude of further symbols.)

7) Symbols condense reality into a finite active locality of consciousness and as "finite" they observe consciousness existing as repetition through frequency.

8 ) To get back on point with the nature of "mathematics", considering it is a form of symbolism, mathematics is an observation of frequency in the respect it continually defines and re-defines an abstract or physical phenomena in such a manner that we can derive continual order from it. In simpler terms mathematics is the act of measuring, with this measuring process acting as a continual propogation of symbols through which consciousness projects itself under space-time as a frequency of active and potential localization of forms.

9) Mathematics as measurement is a synthesis of axioms through the observation of abstract and empirical realities.
You've complicated a simple observation. Besides, then are memories of symbols, nothing physical at all.
If memories are not physical, "only" I want to emphasize, then how come brain damage can cause memory loss?
Memories are here and now but the events they represent aren't. Thinking that the events are here and now is an uncommon thought. Brain damage does not create the loss of past events (how could that be?) only the loss of memories of past events. There is more than one connotation of memories. If you understand the connotation I used, you will see the logic in what I said.
User avatar
A_Seagull
Posts: 907
Joined: Thu Jun 05, 2014 11:09 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by A_Seagull »

jayjacobus wrote: Tue Dec 05, 2017 4:08 pm In the article numbers are considered objects but that is a misnomer.

An object is a material thing that can be seen and touched.

A subject is a thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.

Numbers are not objects, but symbolic of amounts. To be meaningful numbers require referents like apples, houses, cows, etc.

A discussion of objects can confuse a discussion of the real subject, representations.
Yes numbers are symbols. Just plain simple symbols. Their significance depends upon how they are treated within the logic of the system. eg '1+2=3',
'1+3=4'; the symbols '2' and '3' are treated differently.

But going back to the OP heading :'What is the philosophy of maths', the precursor to that question is :What is wanted from a philosophy of maths? and How can it be identified that one has a satisfactory philosophy of maths?
jayjacobus
Posts: 1273
Joined: Wed Jan 27, 2016 9:45 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by jayjacobus »

A_Seagull wrote: Sun Apr 15, 2018 5:41 am
jayjacobus wrote: Tue Dec 05, 2017 4:08 pm In the article numbers are considered objects but that is a misnomer.

An object is a material thing that can be seen and touched.

A subject is a thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.

Numbers are not objects, but symbolic of amounts. To be meaningful numbers require referents like apples, houses, cows, etc.

A discussion of objects can confuse a discussion of the real subject, representations.
Yes numbers are symbols. Just plain simple symbols. Their significance depends upon how they are treated within the logic of the system. eg '1+2=3',
'1+3=4'; the symbols '2' and '3' are treated differently.

But going back to the OP heading :'What is the philosophy of maths', the precursor to that question is :What is wanted from a philosophy of maths? and How can it be identified that one has a satisfactory philosophy of maths?
Are you saying that I don't know what arithmetic is or are you saying that what I know is not explainable philosophically?
Science Fan
Posts: 843
Joined: Fri May 26, 2017 5:01 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by Science Fan »

No, Jay, as a typical Jew-hater, it's not surprising you are so ignorant of basic math. Numbers exist as abstract objects in math and they do not require any reference to any material object. They don't even require a numeral to symbolize them. But, of course, as a Jew-hater you probably dislike math because it's some "Jew" subject.
User avatar
A_Seagull
Posts: 907
Joined: Thu Jun 05, 2014 11:09 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by A_Seagull »

jayjacobus wrote: Sun Apr 15, 2018 12:25 pm
A_Seagull wrote: Sun Apr 15, 2018 5:41 am
jayjacobus wrote: Tue Dec 05, 2017 4:08 pm In the article numbers are considered objects but that is a misnomer.

An object is a material thing that can be seen and touched.

A subject is a thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.

Numbers are not objects, but symbolic of amounts. To be meaningful numbers require referents like apples, houses, cows, etc.

A discussion of objects can confuse a discussion of the real subject, representations.
Yes numbers are symbols. Just plain simple symbols. Their significance depends upon how they are treated within the logic of the system. eg '1+2=3',
'1+3=4'; the symbols '2' and '3' are treated differently.

But going back to the OP heading :'What is the philosophy of maths', the precursor to that question is :What is wanted from a philosophy of maths? and How can it be identified that one has a satisfactory philosophy of maths?
Are you saying that I don't know what arithmetic is or are you saying that what I know is not explainable philosophically?
Neither!
Eodnhoj7
Posts: 8595
Joined: Mon Mar 13, 2017 3:18 am

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by Eodnhoj7 »

jayjacobus wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 11:33 pm
Eodnhoj7 wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 7:21 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Fri Apr 13, 2018 4:35 pm

You've complicated a simple observation. Besides, then are memories of symbols, nothing physical at all.
If memories are not physical, "only" I want to emphasize, then how come brain damage can cause memory loss?
Memories are here and now but the events they represent aren't.
The events they represent, in the respect that they mirror these events into a new axiom (the memory itself), observes the memory as strictly an extension of the events through time. In these respects the memory, as an approximation of the events that occurred, observes the event existing as an approximate effect of itself. Where the event may be a "cause", the memory an "effect", this dualism observes the event extending through the memory hence the event exists.

For example, as a kid I was taught the multiplication tables (we all were for the most part). This "event" where I was shown that x*y = z observed a moment in time where a physical median (a graph, communication in the form of verbal, hand movements, etc.) enabled a "memory" to occur where not only the tables were memorized but a means to perceive the tables were also instill (the methodology of multiplication).

Now move foreward "x" amount of years. "Y" activity requires an act of multiplication. I revert back to the memory and in turn I am able to quantify a qualifiable reality...let's say counting the number of oranges for a recipe. Because of that "event" which in turn formed a "memory", this event actualizes itself through the memory in regards the counting of the oranges. One event, as cause, manifested through memory, as effect, to form a further cause/effect.




Thinking that the events are here and now is an uncommon thought. Brain damage does not create the loss of past events (how could that be?) only the loss of memories of past events.
Brain damage causes the loss of "memory" as you and I said. But this memory acts as a causal structure in itself in the respect it provides a means of measurement from which further cause extends. While the "past" exists for what it is, a degree of it ceases to exist when a memory of it ceases as memories are causal by their own right.

There is more than one connotation of memories. If you understand the connotation I used, you will see the logic in what I said.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=memory+de ... 5082031885
jayjacobus
Posts: 1273
Joined: Wed Jan 27, 2016 9:45 pm

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by jayjacobus »

Eodnhoj7 wrote: Mon Apr 16, 2018 2:55 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 11:33 pm
Eodnhoj7 wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 7:21 pm
If memories are not physical, "only" I want to emphasize, then how come brain damage can cause memory loss?
Memories are here and now but the events they represent aren't.
The events they represent, in the respect that they mirror these events into a new axiom (the memory itself), observes the memory as strictly an extension of the events through time. In these respects the memory, as an approximation of the events that occurred, observes the event existing as an approximate effect of itself. Where the event may be a "cause", the memory an "effect", this dualism observes the event extending through the memory hence the event exists.

For example, as a kid I was taught the multiplication tables (we all were for the most part). This "event" where I was shown that x*y = z observed a moment in time where a physical median (a graph, communication in the form of verbal, hand movements, etc.) enabled a "memory" to occur where not only the tables were memorized but a means to perceive the tables were also instill (the methodology of multiplication).

Now move foreward "x" amount of years. "Y" activity requires an act of multiplication. I revert back to the memory and in turn I am able to quantify a qualifiable reality...let's say counting the number of oranges for a recipe. Because of that "event" which in turn formed a "memory", this event actualizes itself through the memory in regards the counting of the oranges. One event, as cause, manifested through memory, as effect, to form a further cause/effect.






Thinking that the events are here and now is an uncommon thought. Brain damage does not create the loss of past events (how could that be?) only the loss of memories of past events.
Brain damage causes the loss of "memory" as you and I said. But this memory acts as a causal structure in itself in the respect it provides a means of measurement from which further cause extends. While the "past" exists for what it is, a degree of it ceases to exist when a memory of it ceases as memories are causal by their own right.

There is more than one connotation of memories. If you understand the connotation I used, you will see the logic in what I said.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=memory+de ... 5082031885
I am talking about the second connotation. A memory may cause you to do something but without you doing something, memories have no cause by themselves. I don't know what you mean by causal structure.
Eodnhoj7
Posts: 8595
Joined: Mon Mar 13, 2017 3:18 am

Re: What is the Philosophy of Mathematics?

Post by Eodnhoj7 »

jayjacobus wrote: Mon Apr 16, 2018 8:26 pm
Eodnhoj7 wrote: Mon Apr 16, 2018 2:55 pm
jayjacobus wrote: Sat Apr 14, 2018 11:33 pm

Memories are here and now but the events they represent aren't.
The events they represent, in the respect that they mirror these events into a new axiom (the memory itself), observes the memory as strictly an extension of the events through time. In these respects the memory, as an approximation of the events that occurred, observes the event existing as an approximate effect of itself. Where the event may be a "cause", the memory an "effect", this dualism observes the event extending through the memory hence the event exists.

For example, as a kid I was taught the multiplication tables (we all were for the most part). This "event" where I was shown that x*y = z observed a moment in time where a physical median (a graph, communication in the form of verbal, hand movements, etc.) enabled a "memory" to occur where not only the tables were memorized but a means to perceive the tables were also instill (the methodology of multiplication).

Now move foreward "x" amount of years. "Y" activity requires an act of multiplication. I revert back to the memory and in turn I am able to quantify a qualifiable reality...let's say counting the number of oranges for a recipe. Because of that "event" which in turn formed a "memory", this event actualizes itself through the memory in regards the counting of the oranges. One event, as cause, manifested through memory, as effect, to form a further cause/effect.






Thinking that the events are here and now is an uncommon thought. Brain damage does not create the loss of past events (how could that be?) only the loss of memories of past events.
Brain damage causes the loss of "memory" as you and I said. But this memory acts as a causal structure in itself in the respect it provides a means of measurement from which further cause extends. While the "past" exists for what it is, a degree of it ceases to exist when a memory of it ceases as memories are causal by their own right.

There is more than one connotation of memories. If you understand the connotation I used, you will see the logic in what I said.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=memory+de ... 5082031885
I am talking about the second connotation. A memory may cause you to do something but without you doing something, memories have no cause by themselves. I don't know what you mean by causal structure.
The memory, as something which gives structure to our perceptions, is a cause in the respect that it not only directs our perceptions but seems to give structure and order to them. Considering the act of perception is a means through which we act in the world, the memory it self is a "cause" inherent within the nature of perception as it allows the perception to exist by providing it structure.

A causal structure...a structure which acts as a cause in itself. If we look at "cause and effect" we can see it merely as structure leading to further structure. A simple cause and effect equation of A → B observes:

a) A is the cause of B with A being a structure, or reality composed of boundaries, due to the Law of Identity.
b) B is the effect of A with B being a structure due to the Law of Identity.
c) A, as a cause, exists through B as an effect with this effect (B) being an approximate cause of A.
d) B, as an effect, exists through A as a Cause with this Cause (A) being the origin of B.
e) The cause exists if and only if there is an effect with this effect being the limit of the cause.
f) Causality is inseperable from an observation of structure due to it dependence on effect and an inherent element within it.
Post Reply