Lorikeet: Moral behaviours are necessary, and are not fabricated by men, nor socially engineered.Lorikeet wrote: ↑Tue Apr 23, 2024 10:29 amMorality begins with the act.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Tue Apr 23, 2024 4:16 am Morality/Ethics..
how about pure/applied, i.e.
pure ethics [morality] / applied ethics.
what is pure ethics [morality] are moral elements evolved and inherent within human nature.
Applied ethics is how we apply [optimally] the inherent moral elements to fit into the varying conditions and circumstances of the individual[s] and humanity.
Men encode these acts calling them "moral", and then make amendments to them, depending on their objectives.
Nihilism attempts to negate morals/ethics as they've been defined by Abrahamism.
It's the only ethical codes they know.
Moral behaviours are necessary, and are not fabricated by men, nor socially engineered.
They evolve - they are naturally selected because they offer an advantage or prevent a disadvantage.
For example, the immorality of incest is not based no human tastes but on the fact that incestual reproduction increases the probability of birth defects.
The immorality of in-group violence is not based on human tastes but on the fact that in-group violence decreases group cohesion and harmony, nullifying the advantages of cooperative survival and reproductive strategies.
Compare them to ethical rules against adultery, or even abortinos....here men intervene to make adjustments to human nature, so as to accentuate an advantage:
Monogamy, for example, integrates individuals into the group and makes them investors......and rules against abortions or promiscuity attempt to control human behaviours that reduce a group's cohesion and competitiveness: a group's overall fitness.
None of this is arbitrary but founded no objective reality.
No god required, although the concept of God becomes a method of enforcing these moral/ethical rules.
They evolve - they are naturally selected because they offer an advantage or prevent a disadvantage.
For example, the immorality of incest is not based no human tastes but on the fact that incestual reproduction increases the probability of birth defects.
I agree with the above. I have regularly used incest [inbreeding avoidance] as an example of moral objectivity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding_avoidance
At present, inbreeding avoidance is a scientific fact within Evolutionary Biology.
Inbreeding avoidance [incest deterrence] is a inhibitor [potential, functioning system] and as evolved is inherent in all humans; it is encoded in the DNA and represented by an algorithm supported by its physical neural correlates in the brain and body.
This will eventually [very possible] be confirmed by neuroscience as a neuroscientific fact via the science-neuroscience-FSERC.
True, many humans had and will commit incest at present, but that is due to brain damage or a weakness of the physical incest inhibitor-system. However, whilst damaged or weak, that does not obviate the existence of the actual physical objective incest inhibitor system in the brain.
Thus, I have argued the above incest inhibitor system is physical, it is objective in the scientific sense and since it is a moral element, therefore within the moral FSERC, it is moral objectivity.
Note my take on 'what is objectivity' - nothing to do with god and theism.
What is Philosophical Objectivity?
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=31416
There are Two Senses of 'Objectivity'
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=39326
1. FSERC mind interdependent sense
2. Mind-independent sense.
Scientific Objectivity
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=39286
The scientific FSERC will confirm the existence of the inherent incest avoidance function and inhibitor as scientific fact and re scientific objectivity
What is Moral Objectivity?
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=30707
When the above scientific fact of incest avoidance is inputted into the morality-proper FSERC, then it is a moral fact, thus morality is objective [as qualified].
As such, the inbreeding avoidance system is adopted as a moral principle, i.e. "no human ought to commit incest" in alignment with what is physically inherent in all humans, DNA and neural algorithm wise.
Tribes, groups of humans can then set their respective ethical rules in accordance to the inherent moral principle.
Some may have ethical rules that forbid incest completely or forbid directly related close relatives, while for some first cousins marriage are allowable.
These are conditional rules but they do not diminish the inherent moral principle within all humans.
Because the moral principle is categorical, all must strive to align with it while making attempts to change the conditions to eliminate incest as much as possible.
So, morality is objective [sense qualified] as explained above.