Theoretically religion is concerned with what we are. Given your qualification "the essence of", we agree that religions are now thoroughly consumed with what we do and don't give a fig what we are. Then again, in investigating what we are, let's consider the tools:
- the scientific method - observing and testing relativities around us
- introspection - observing and testing internal relativities
- philosophy - trying to put the two together.
As an interesting side note: The problems with devising a satisfactory theory of mind - the link between neural activity and a sense of being - are similar to physicists seeking a theory of everything, being unable to find common rules by which both relativity and QM operate.
Getting back to it, I don't think it's a matter of whether humans can change, just a certainty that they will. They may change by adapting to an increasingly dynamic environment. If they don't then they will change by being dead rather than alive. One way or another, humans will change
I see the Great Beast as organisation. That's what the universe/life does - it takes chaos and organises it over time. Personally, I don't want to be organised into the kind of sterile, hyper-disciplined, sanctimonious, goody-two shoes, selfless drone that human society (aka your Great Beast) increasingly wants from us ... "don't you worry your little heads about anything, just trust us" said Fox to the hens. No thanks.
So what I see is change that doesn't suit me personally, but that does not make it bad per se. This is where I think we differ. You see it as inherently "bad". I see what's happening as nature taking its course and I have faith that it will work out for the good, given the extraordinary changes triggered by prior extinction events.
It is clear that 1) humans will not significantly reduce their numbers this century of their own accord - not many are volunteering to be the ones to make way and 2) fossil fuel companies will not surrender their infrastructure in time to slow climate change. So, at this point I see the space program as humanity's most significant work. The reason for such fatalism is this:
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old and life about 4 billion. Meanwhile, the Sun is near the end of its life and is heating up at a rate of about 10% per billion years. The upshot is that in a billion years' time the oceans will have boiled away. Presumably complex life as we know it on Earth will be impossible a long time before then. Let's split the difference and say that, sans the unexpected, complex life has about 500 million years left, and that's being generous.
That means the biosphere has only 12% of its life remaining, discounting 1) AGW and 2) possible technological fixes for simplicity's sake. Basically, the Earth is in its dotage. If humanity does not send emissaries into space and attempt to colonise with the stuff of Earth then that entire amazing story of life on the planet will be obliterated, its potentials gone. Humans, despite their faults, are the only ones who can continue this journey of growth beyond the planet's end.
Alas, you need damnable "Great Beasts" and their inherent inequality and suppression of individuality to create mega cooperative projects of extreme precision like space programs. Thus the argument then becomes about matters of degree, and is probably moot anyway, given the increasing control that large institutions have over the polity.
However, the GB (aka society) is intelligent enough to know that a population of blinkered drones provides no creativity. I suppose, in the future, there could be genetic lines of people born to fill creative roles and, as is the case now, they will probably be granted more social and legal leeway from the demands of conformity than most due to the nature of their occupation.
I see the above as the most probable scenario, although catastrophic events are obviously possible. So I don't see much choice about "cosmic men" outside of individual decisions. Research shows that people are more inclined towards conservatism when they are threatened, more inclined towards liberalism when they are safe. However, when grievously threatened they move towards extremism, especially if they feel they have nothing to lose.
Now consider how events will play out with an increase in ever more fascist-tending and paranoid nation states. War - the ultimate fascism - where a demand to be a free person rather than a conforming clone will have a person quickly killed for treason or desertion, and with the approval of "ordinary people".
It's peace that brings the kind of psychological freedom and tolerance that you seek. If you think societies are intolerant of difference now, just wait until war breaks out.